CONTROLLER, SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR MANAGING DISCHARGE OR CHARGE OF HETEROGENEOUS BATTERY PACKS

A controller, a system including such a controller, and a method for controlling or managing discharge or charge of a plurality of battery packs are provided. The controller includes one or more processor and at least one tangible, non-transitory machine readable medium encoded with one or more programs configured to perform steps to determining a voltage distribution parameter of each battery pack based on its maximum voltage, its minimum voltage for discharge, and a present voltage, assign ranks to the plurality of battery packs based on the voltage distribution parameters, and determine a respective power discharge or charge based on the rank of each battery pack and a total power demand. The controller provides signals with instructions to the plurality of battery packs and/or the one or more power converters for discharging power from or charging power to the plurality of battery packs.