THERMALLY DISPROPORTIONATED ANODE ACTIVE MATERIAL INCLUDING TURBOSTRATIC CARBON COATING

An electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery and method of forming the same, the electrode material including composite particles, each composite particle including a primary particle including thermally disproportionated silicon oxide, and an envelope disposed on the surface of the primary particle. The envelope includes turbostratic carbon having a Raman spectrum having: a D band having a peak intensity (I) at wave number between 1330 cm and 1360 cm; a G band having a peak intensity (I) at wave number between 1530 cm and 1600 cm; and a 2D band having a peak intensity (I) at wave number between 2650 cm and 2750 cm, wherein a ratio of I/I ranges from greater than zero to about 1.0, and a ratio of I/I ranges from about 0.4 to about 2.