METAL-AIR CELLS WITH MINIMAL AIR ACCESS

A battery includes an air cathode, an anode, an aqueous electrolyte, and a housing, wherein, the housing includes one or more air access ports defining a total vent area, the battery exhibit a current density, a ratio of current density to total vent area is greater than about 100 mA/mm, and the aqueous electrolyte comprises an amphoteric fluorosurfactant.