METAL-AIR CELLS WITH MINIMAL AIR ACCESS

A battery includes an air cathode, an anode, an aqueous electrolyte, and a housing, wherein the housing includes one or more air access ports defining a total vent area; the battery exhibits a cell limiting current at 1.15V; a ratio of cell limiting current at 1.15 V to total vent area is greater than about 100 mA/mm; and the aqueous electrolyte includes an amphoteric fluorosurfactant.