NANOPARTICLE-COMPOSITE LAYER FROM A CARBON SLURRY AND ANODELESS BATTERY HAVING THE NANOPARTICLE-COMPOSITE LAYER

A nanocomposite interlayer including a carbonaceous material, nanoparticles including metals or metalloids, at least one polymer binder, and a pH adjusting agent is provided. The carbonaceous material includes amorphous carbon, graphite, graphene, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotube, or combinations thereof. An anodeless battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode current collector, the nanocomposite interlayer on the negative electrode current collector, and an electrolyte, and a method of operating the anodeless battery is also provided.