SCALABLE LASER PROCESSING OF VARIOUS METAL NANOPARTICLES AND LITHIOPHOBIC TITANIUM-INCORPORATED CARBON COMPOSITES FOR LITHIUM METAL BATTERIES

An interlayer including a silver-free nanocomposite, a matrix, and a binder, a method of making the interlayer, and a lithium metal battery (LMB) including the interlayer are provided. The nanocomposite includes nanoparticles and a carbonaceous material, the nanoparticles include metals, metalloids, alloys thereof, compounds thereof, or suitable combinations thereof, and the matrix includes a bulk carbonaceous material.