Battery Management System, Battery Management Method, Battery Pack, and Electric Vehicle

A battery management system includes a sensing unit to generate a sensing signal indicating a battery voltage and a battery current of a battery, a memory unit to store a charge map recording first to nreference currents, first to nreference voltage ranges, first to nreference states of charge (SOCs) and first to nreference voltage curves for multi-stage constant-current charging, and a control unit to command constant-current charging to a charging circuit using a kreference current corresponding to a kreference voltage range to which the battery voltage belongs, and update the charge map by comparing a kmeasured voltage curve indicating a correlation between the battery voltage and the SOC of the battery over a charging period of the constant-current charging with a kreference voltage curve in response to the battery voltage having reached an upper limit of the kreference voltage range.