Battery Management System, Battery Management Method, Battery Pack, and Electric Vehicle

A battery management system includes a sensing unit to generate a sensing signal indicating a battery voltage and a battery current of a battery, a memory unit to store a charge map recording a correlation between first to n reference state of charge (SOC) ranges, first to n reference currents and first to n reference voltages for multi-stage constant-current charging, and a control unit to change to constant voltage charging using a k reference voltage corresponding to a k reference SOC range in response to the battery voltage having reached the k reference voltage during constant current charging using a k reference current corresponding to the k reference SOC range to which an SOC of the battery belongs. The control unit updates the k reference current of the charge map based on a time-series of the battery current in a charging period of the constant voltage charging.