SMART CONTROLLING SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY STORAGE

A computer-controlled energy storage system optimizes the process of energy storage and electricity re-generation. In an energy storage and release cycle, the gas is compressed and released in a pressure range that is optimized in terms of energy storage and release (e.g., round trip) efficiency. In some embodiments, the gas is not pressurized to an unneeded high-pressure level (e.g., 100 atm) and also does not release to an exhaust pressure level (e.g., 0 atm).