System and Method for Coupled Ocean-Acoustic Data Assimilation

A method of determining ocean state. The method may include receiving, by a processing device, data associated with a prior ocean forecast state, and receiving, by the processing device, data associated with a first set of ocean temperature and salinity observations. The method may include receiving, by the processing device, data associated with a first set of ocean acoustic pressure observations. The method may include determining, by the processing device, a correction to the prior ocean forecast state based on a forward acoustic model, on an adjoint acoustic model, on the data associated with a first set of ocean temperature and ocean salinity observations, and on the data associated with a first set of ocean acoustic pressure observations, and generating, by the processing device, a current ocean state based on the determined correction.