ELECTRODE WITH PROTECTED CARBON BASED SCAFFOLD

The present disclosure provides as an electrode , comprising a 3D composite current collector having an electrically conductive substrate current collector with a plurality of laterally distributed electrically conductive upstanding scaffolding elements that comprise carbon-based protrusions covered by a passivation layer for shielding the pillar from a direct contact with an electrode or electrolyte material, whereby said passivation layer () is comprised of a first composition () allowing electron transport to the substrate and resistive to transport of lithium across the passivation layer. In a preferred embodiment the electrode is coated with a stack of functional battery layers including one or more of a seed layer , an anode metal layer , and an anode passivation layer The present disclosure further relates to a manufacturing method and an energy storage device comprising the electrode.