T-CHANNEL MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES AND 3D PRINTING METHODS FOR PRODUCING T-CHANNEL MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES

This disclosure, and the exemplary embodiments provided herein, include microfluidic devices and methods of producing microfluidic devices including 3D-printable structures which are scalable, robust, parallel, fast, and efficient for generating vast networks of electrodes in-situ. For example, benthic microbacterial fuel cells including networks of electrodes to harvest electrons ejected from bacteria positioned in a complex multilevel structure containing those bacteria suspended in aqueous solution or feeding medium. In addition to biofuel cells, the use of 3D-printed T channels as disclosed extends to other applications where similar networks of conducting channels can be rapidly and efficiently generated in existing structures.