Answering Islam

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Jesus is King. Posts and articles from Sam Shamoun 🌉 bridged from ⁂ https://answeringislam.blog/, follow @ap.brid.gy to interact

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Eusebius, The Divine Holy Spirit & Filioque

In this post I will be quoting from Against Marcellus and On Ecclesiastical Theology (Fathers of the Church Patristic Series), translated by Kelley McCarthy Spoerl & Markus Vinzent, and published by T…

1d ago·25 min read·4864 words

Eusebius: The Ever-Living Divine Holy Spirit

The following section is taken by The Son is Truly Son: The Trinitarian and Christological Theology of Eusebius of Caesarea (Studia Traditionis Theologiae: Explorations in Early and Medieval Theology,…

1d ago·20 min read·3988 words

The Relatives of Jesus

The article that I am posting can be accessed here: The Relatives of Jesus. The Relatives of Jesus By Richard Bauckham Careful readers of the NT know that one of Jesus’ relatives, his brother James…

1d ago·26 min read·5098 words

Eusebius on the Trinity Pt. 4: Proverbs 8:22-36

I continue with my series on Eusebius’ Trinitarianism: Eusebius on the Trinity Part 1. The excerpts are be taken from Against Marcellus and On Ecclesiastical Theology (Fathers of the Church Patristic…

1d ago·36 min read·7086 words

Origen: Trinity, Creatio Ex Nihilo & the Church as Spiritual Israel Pt. 2

I continue from where I left off from Book II of Origen’s commentary on John: Origen: Trinity, Creatio Ex Nihilo & the Church as Spiritual Israel. 22. The Word Was in the Beginning, I.e., in Wisdom, …

3d ago·36 min read·7142 words

Origen: Trinity, Creatio Ex Nihilo & the Church as Spiritual Israel

In this post I will be quoting from the Commentary on John (Origen). The citations that I will be providing will help the readers see that Origen affirms, The Monarchy (monarchia) of the Father, tha…

3d ago·36 min read·7046 words

Rabbinic Judaism & Intercession of Saints

In this post I will provide some of the data from rabbinic sources showing that the Jews believed in the intercession of deceased prophets and righteous, holy men. For instance, rabbinic authorities …

4d ago·30 min read·5938 words

Syriac Recension of St. Ignatius’ Letters

The excerpts cited here are taken from The Antient Syriac Version of the Epistles of St. Ignatius to St. Polycarp, the Ephesians, and the Romans Together with Extracts from His Epistles, Collected fro…

4d ago·18 min read·3480 words

JUDAISMS ON THE MESSIAH’S PREHUMAN EXISTENCE

In this post, I will be citing specific Jewish sources confirming the personal prehuman existence of the Messiah. ENOCH “And in that place I saw the fountain of righteousness Which was inexhaustible…

6d ago·30 min read·5815 words

Eusebius of Emesa on the Trinity

The quotations found in this post are taken from Robert E. Winn’s Eusebius of Emesa: Church and Theology in the Mid-Fourth Century, published by The Catholic University of America Press in 2011. Euseb…

6d ago·17 min read·3296 words

Eusebius on the Trinity Part 3

We come to the last part of the series: Eusebius on the Trinity Part 2. Chapter 12 (1) And yet the great man who is at once both evangelist and theologian, having mentioned the Word three times in t…

May 20·33 min read·6432 words

Eusebius on the Trinity Part 1

In this series of posts I will quoting from Against Marcellus and On Ecclesiastical Theology (Fathers of the Church Patristic Series), translated by Kelley McCarthy Spoerl & Markus Vinzent, and publis…

May 20·24 min read·4645 words

Bart Ehrman, Ignatius, the Trinity, & the True Church

In this post I will be quoting from the work The Apostolic Fathers, Volume I: I Clement. II Clement. Ignatius. Polycarp. Didache, edited and translated by Bart D. Ehrman, and published in 2003 by Harv…

May 20·27 min read·5244 words

The Trinity in Isaiah 48:16?

There are some Christians that believe that there is a specific verse in the book of Isaiah, which explicitly points to the Trinity. It is Isaiah 48:16, the context of which I quote so the readers can…

May 18·18 min read·3549 words

The 2 Messiahs of the Zohar

The quotations cited here are taken from the online translation of the Zohar: Full Zohar Online. The Zohar states that there will be two Messiahs, one from the line of David and the other from Joseph…

May 18·26 min read·5083 words

Augustine, Filioque & Economic Processions

The following excerpt is taken from St. Augustine’s On the Holy Trinity, Book 4. In it, the blessed saint reasons that the Father’s sending of the Son into the world is a sign and reflection of the Fa…

May 17·22 min read·4308 words

Reverencing the Bishop

The Scriptures teach that believers are to honor and submit to the existing authorities, since they have been appointed by God for specific purposes such as maintaining order: “Every person is to be …

May 16·12 min read·2279 words

Ignatius on Christ as the Uncreated, Timeless & Ageless God

In this post I will be citing three different English translations of specific letters from St. Ignatius, in which this holy Bishop of Antioch, Syria and Christian martyr, speaks of Christ existing wi…

May 16·7 min read·1361 words

Ignatius on Jesus’ Physical, Bodily Resurrection

In this post I will cite from a letter of St. Ignatius, the holy martyr of Christ and the Bishop of Antioch, being an eyewitness and pupil of the holy Apostles, who learned the faith directly from the…

May 15·12 min read·2365 words

The Rabbis’ Divine Messiah

The late Orthodox Jewish philosopher and scholar Rabbi J. Immanuel Schochet wrote about the Messiah where he encapsulated some of the Old Testament verses, which rabbinic tradition interpreted in resp…

May 15·11 min read·2108 words

Ben Asher, Gen. 22 & the Angel

The following is from the article More than Your Average Angel - The angel that convinced Abraham was no ordinary angel.. All emphasis will be mine. "G‑d's angel called to him from heaven and said…, …

May 15·4 min read·710 words

Jesus’ Deity in Light of Isaiah’s Theology

In this post I will demonstrate how the inspired New Testament writings portray the Lord Jesus in the exact same way YHWH is depicted all throughout the book of Isaiah. YHWH “A voice is calling, ‘Pr…

May 14·34 min read·6681 words

Rabbis, Isa. 59:20 & the Divine Messiah

Isaiah prophesied that YHWH would personally come to redeem Israel from all their transgressions, since YHWH was unable to find any mere creature worthy enough to work through for this purpose: “So…

May 12·1 min read·99 words

Eusebius’ Trinitarian Baptismal Formula

In this post I will be citing from the works of Eusebius of Caesarea to show where this renowned Church historian and apologist quotes the Matthean Trinitarian baptismal formula. All emphasis will be …

May 12·1 min read·88 words

Ibn Ezra, Isaiah & Messiah

The references cited here are taken from Ibn Ezra on Isaiah. All emphasis will be mine. 11:1 ויצא וגו'. רובי המפרשים אמרו כי זה המשיח, והטעם שימות מחנה אשור הצר על ירושלם, ועוד יבא עת גאולת ירושלם ה…

May 11·1 min read·93 words

The Shechinah: YHWH’S Divine Mate

In Jewish mysticism, the Shechinah (“Presence”) is believed to be the feminine counterpart to YHWH. Since the term is a feminine noun in Hebrew, the rabbis came to depict the presence as a female, goi…

May 9·1 min read·98 words

Zohar’s Younger YHWH & the Despised & Hidden Messiah

The following references are taken from the section of the Zohar called Heikhalot Rabbati. These citations show what some of the mystical rabbinic Jews taught about Messiah, Enoch, and the end times. …

May 8·1 min read·91 words

Creed of the Council of Antioch 325 AD

The following is adapted from this post: Creed of the Antioch Council of 325. All emphasis will be mine. 8. Ἔστιν οὖν ἡ πίστις, ἣ προετέθη ὑπ’ ἀνδρῶν, πνευματικῶν καὶ οὺς αὖθις οὐ δίκαιον νομίφειν κα…

May 8·1 min read·88 words

Jesus Christ: The God of Habakkuk

In this short post I will show how the inspired Scriptures ascribe the same qualities and titles of YHWH to the Lord Jesus Christ. I will focus specifically on the witness of the prophet Habakkuk: “A…

May 5·1 min read·97 words

Origen: Monarchia & the Filioque

The following excerpts are from Origen’s Commentary on the Gospel of John. In this section, Origen will argue for the Father being stronger and greater than the Son, and the Spirit owing his existence…

May 5·1 min read·95 words

Linus Rome's First Bishop, Clement’s Letter, Scriptures & Miracles

The following extracts are taken from Eusebius’ Church History. All emphasis is mine. Book III Chapter 2. The First Successor to St. Peter in Rome. 1. After the martyrdom of Paul and of Peter, Li…

May 4·1 min read·98 words

An Arian Apologists Prove Jesus is Uncreated!

Arian polemicist Greg Stafford has made it a chief aim of his mission to do all he can to pervert the explicit biblical witness to the Son’s uncreated, eternal nature and existence. Yet in his misguid…

May 4·1 min read·101 words

Rabbinic Judaism on the Heavenly Spheres

Here is an excerpt from a rabbinic source, which gives us an idea of what the rabbis thought about the sky and space above us, as well as the number of spiritual dimensions that exist. The quotations …

May 3·1 min read·95 words

Robert A. Morey & Christ’s Deity Pt. 2

I will be quoting from the late Dr. Robert A. Morey’s The Trinity: Evidence and Issues, published by World Bible Publishers, Inc., Iowa Falls, IA, in 1996, Part IV: The New Testament Evidence, Chapter…

May 2·1 min read·99 words

Athanasius on the Ancient Basis for the Nicene Formula

This excerpt is taken from St. Athanasius who claims that the language adopted by Nicaea to describe the Son’s essential equality with the Father isn’t new but quite ancient, going back to at least 13…

May 2·1 min read·95 words

Gregory Nazianzen on the Monarchia

This comes from St. Gregory’s Oration 25. All emphasis will be mine. Define our piety by teaching the knowledge of: One God, unbegotten, the Father; and One begotten Lord, his Son, referred to as “Go…

May 2·1 min read·90 words

Chrysostom: St. Ignatius & Peter as the Master of the World

The following is taken from St. John Chrysostom’s Homily on St. Ignatius. All emphasis will be mine. 4. And I will speak of a fourth crown, arising for us out of this episcopate. What then is this? T…

May 2·1 min read·107 words

Christ: The Supreme God Above All

The following excerpt is taken from the monumental work titled The Incarnate Christ and His Critics: A Biblical Defense, authored by Robert M. Bowman Jr. & J. Ed Komoszewski, published by Kregel Acade…

May 1·1 min read·91 words

Robert A. Morey & Christ’s Deity

May 1·1 min read·94 words

Jewish Interpretations of Psalm 110

There are particular Jewish writings where Psalm 110:1 is either understood to be David as the second lord, or Abraham. In the case of those arguing for it being David, this would mean that the Psalm …

May 1·1 min read·99 words

Jesus as Isaiah’s God

Another Arian Bites the Dust According to John’s Gospel, the prophet Isaiah saw Jesus Christ in his prehuman existence as YHWH of Hosts seated on his heavenly throne: “Jesus replied, ‘The light is w…

Apr 30·1 min read·96 words

The Correct Islamic Greeting

More Woes for Sunnis Sunni Muslims have been taught to greet their co-religionists with the phrase as-salamu alaykum. However, this is not the greeting which is found in the Quran, which employs the …

Apr 30·1 min read·87 words

Israel: Spiritual Sodom & Gomorrah

In this article I will quote the relevant verses from both the Old and New Testaments where Israel is either said to be Sodom and Gomorrah, or even worse than them. I will further show how God also wa…

Apr 30·1 min read·97 words

Early Church, the Cross, Deut. 28:66 & Jer. 11:19

In this post I will be looking at two OT texts, which the early Christians saw as foreshadowing Christ’s crucifixion. These early writers employed these particular verses as prophesying or prefiguring…

Apr 30·1 min read·97 words

9th Century Assyrian Bishop, Psalm 110:1 & God's Name

In this post I quote the commentary of Mar Ishodad of Merv (Mari Ishoʿdaḏ Maruzaya), who was the bishop of Hdatta (circa 850 AD), which is near current-day Mosul, Iraq. Ishodad is considered a very im…

Apr 29·1 min read·95 words

Rabbi David Kimchi (RaDaK) & Messiah

David Kimchi, also known as RaDaK, was a medieval rabbinic commentator and philosopher who lived from 1160–1235 AD. In this post I will quote from his commentary in regards to a few OT texts that are …

Apr 29·1 min read·104 words

Muhammad’s Gay Companions

The narrations cited here are taken from the following YT video: (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Psr1AR0KvO4). All emphasis will be mine. https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=4&t…

Apr 29·1 min read·62 words

Bible Error: How Old was Ahaziah?

The late Dr. Gleason L. Archer addressed the issue of Ahaziah’s reign and age, since 2 Kings. 8:26 states he was 22 whereas 2 Chronicles 22:2 states he was 42. When did Ahaziah ben Jehoram become kin…

Apr 28·1 min read·102 words

Ambrose, Augustine, Peter of Lombard on Gen. 1:26

In this post I will cite the works of three intellectual and spiritual giants of the Faith to show how they interpreted Genesis 1:26-27, particularly verse, where God uses plural pronouns when speakin…

Apr 27·1 min read·96 words

St. Athanasius & Messianic Prophecies

In this post I will be quoting from St. Athanasius’ On the Incarnation of the Word. This great Trinitarian defender and Bishop of Alexandria, Egypt appealed to Messianic prophecies to prove that Jesus…

Apr 27·1 min read·86 words

St. Augustine, Phil. 3:3, the Spirit & Latreuo

The following citation comes from St. Augustine's On the Trinity, Book 1.. The blessed Augustine quotes Philippians 3:3 to prove that the Holy Spirit is given latreuo, which is the worship giveN to Go…

Apr 26·1 min read·95 words

MarYa Jesus: Aramaic Bible & Christ’s Deity

The Aramaic Bible, commonly referred to as the Peshitta, employs a unique word MarYah, which some authorities believe is a compound phrase consisting of Aramaic Mar (“Lord”) and the shortened form of …

Apr 24·1 min read·90 words

Josephus & the Divine Name

The following quote is taken from Josephus’ The War of the Jews 5:5, translated by William Whiston. He states that the Divine Name consists of 4 vowels. All emphasis is mine. ז. ובני משפחת הכהֻנה, אש…

Apr 23·1 min read·97 words

Messiah of Midrash Tanchuma

I quote from Sefaria’s online version of Midrah Tanchuma where the Messiah is referenced. What makes this rabbinic source rather important is that it ascribes the following OT texts to the Messiah and…

Apr 21·1 min read·93 words

Mary as All-Holy: Is it Biblical?

The teaching of the ancient Churches that Mary was made perfectly holy and kept absolutely pure is based on the necessary conclusion of what the Scriptures teach in respect to the holiness and purity …

Apr 20·1 min read·98 words

New English Bible & Christ’s Deity

The verses cited here in respect to the Deity of Christ are taken from the New English Bible (NEB). “but I will pour a spirit of pity and compassion into the line of David and the inhabitants of Jeru…

Apr 19·1 min read·102 words

St. Augustine on 1 Cor. 15:28 & Jesus’ Subjection to God

The quotations from St. Augustine are taken from On the Trinity, Book 1. All emphasis will be mine. Chapter 8.— The Texts of Scripture Explained Respecting the Subjection of the Son to the Father, Wh…

Apr 18·1 min read·101 words

Isaiah 42 in Rabbinic Tradition

In this post I will list some of the many rabbinic sources which describe the Servant of Isaiah 42 as the King Messiah and/or apply it to the time of Messiah’s coming. All emphasis will be mine. ה…

Apr 17·1 min read·88 words

Enoch & Intercession of Saints

Enoch contains a fascinating depiction of the souls of human who were slaughtered, by the instigation of the rebellious angels that taught mankind to make weapons to kill, crying out to the angels of …

Apr 17·1 min read·94 words

Hippolytus: The First Antipope

I upload the following post by Thomas V. Mirus: The First Antipope. The first four of the six popes covered in this installment found themselves in conflict with a priest named Hippolytus, the most b…

Apr 17·1 min read·84 words

Hippolytus: Bishop or Antipope?

In this post I will be citing a few sources regarding the status of St. Hippolytus, whether he was a bishop of Rome or of some other See, and if at Rome then whether he indeed was in actuality an anti…

Apr 17·1 min read·95 words

Augustine, Hypostatic Union & Christ as Lesser than Himself

The quotations from St. Augustine are taken from On the Trinity, Book 1. Augustine will cite texts such as 1 John 5:20, where Jesus is called the true God and eternal life, to prove that Christ is one…

Apr 16·1 min read·97 words

Paul, Augustine & Jesus’ Knowledge of the Day & Hour

The quotations from St. Augustine are taken from On the Trinity, Book 1. The beloved saint will show that the words of our Lord Jesus in Mark 13:32 do not imply that the Son was ignorant of the Day or…

Apr 16·1 min read·104 words

St. Augustine on the Divine Monarchy & Blessed Trinity

The quotations from St. Augustine are taken from On the Trinity, Book 1. The blessed saint will cite texts such as 1 Timothy 6:13-16 and apply that to the Trinity. In so doing, he identifies the only …

Apr 16·1 min read·102 words

St. Cyril on John 14:28

I post here the commentary of the blessed St. Cyril of Alexandria on John 14:28 where he plainly states that the Father was greater than the Son only because of the Son’s Incarnation and descent to th…

Apr 16·1 min read·98 words

Jesus’ God: A Look into the Early Church

In this post I will quote from a few fathers and saints of the Church whom all believed that the reason the Son honored the Father as his God is because of the Incarnation, as a result of the eternal …

Apr 15·1 min read·105 words

Bart Ehrman, Trinity, Barnabas & Diognetus

The quotations referenced here are taken from The Apostolic Fathers, Volume II: Epistle of Barnabas. Papias and Quadratus. Epistle to Diognetus. The Shepherd of Hermas, edited and translated by Bart D…

Apr 15·1 min read·91 words

Bart Ehrman, Polycarp & Didache

The following citations are taken from The Apostolic Fathers, Volume I: I Clement. II Clement. Ignatius. Polycarp. Didache, edited and translated by Bart D. Ehrman, and published in 2003 by Harvard Un…

Apr 15·12 min read·2258 words

Confessing Your Faults or Sins?

According to the Authorized King James Version (AV), Christians are to confess their faults to each other: “Confess your faults (paraptoma) one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be he…

Apr 14·1 min read·88 words

Paul, Christ & Judgment Day

The Apostle Paul taught that the day will come when the Lord Jesus will physically descend from heaven in order to raise the dead and judge all mankind. Paul affirmed that this is the day when Christ …

Apr 14·1 min read·89 words

Wisdom as a Divine Hypostasis

I will be posting the verses, which Christians have historically appealed to as proof that God’s Wisdom is a divine Hypostasis or Person who became embodied in Jesus Christ. These were the texts that …

Apr 14·1 min read·92 words

Sharp’s Rule Before Granville Sharp

In this post I will cite the statements of various textual critics, theologians and/or scholars in respect to Titus 2:13 and 2 Peter 1:1 and the Deity of Christ. Specifically, I will be quoting these …

Apr 13·1 min read·88 words

Insights from the Epistle of Barnabas

I will be quoting from the Epistle of Barnabas, which is a letter attributed to Paul’s companion that was composed somewhere between the middle and latter part of the first century AD. It contains a l…

Apr 13·1 min read·87 words

Joshua as a Picture of Jesus & the Church as Israel

In this post I will be quoting from the works of Justin Martyr and Tertullian in respect to Old Testament prophecies and typology pointing to Christ. All emphasis will be mine. One interesting typolo…

Apr 13·1 min read·102 words

Biblical Canon of Isidore of Seville

Isidore, bishop of Seville (c. 560–636), is a canonized saint in the Catholic Church. In his work, titled The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville, compiled between 615 and the early 630s AD, he lists th…

Apr 10·1 min read·91 words

The Rabbis on Zechariah 11 & Messiah

The prophet Zechariah speaks of YHWH, whom he represented by acting out the role of divine Shepherd, would be priced at thirty pieces of silver: “I took my staff Favor and cut it apart, that I might …

Apr 10·1 min read·106 words

Jesus Christ: The Adonay YHWH of the Prophets

In the synoptic Gospels, our Lord Jesus refers to the time when he himself would personally send forth prophets that would prophesy in his name. Christ also warned against those who would call him “Lo…

Apr 9·1 min read·100 words

Biblical Command to Repentance

Throughout the Holy Bible, God commands individuals to repent of their ways in order that they might live. Repentance isn’t simply regretting the sins one has committed, but also involves a deliberate…

Apr 9·1 min read·88 words

Textual Variants & Reformation Bibles Before King James

In this post I will be quoting from the Bibles produced during the Reformation period in respect to some of the verses, which are not found in modern English translations of the Holy Bible, or are pla…

Apr 8·1 min read·90 words

More on Muhammad’s Cross Dressing

I have written extensively on the fact of Muhammad being a cross-dresser who would dress up in women’s clothing, particularly in the dresses of his child-bride. I will provide the links to my articles…

Apr 8·1 min read·86 words

Geneva Study Bible & Mary’s Virginity

In this short post I will cite the notes of the Geneva Study Bible on the key texts that Protestant apologists often employ to refute the perpetual virginity of the blessed Mother of our Lord. The rea…

Apr 8·1 min read·95 words

John Calvin, the Reformers & Mary’s Perpetual Virginity

A great number of Protestants are unaware of the fact that their spiritual forebears, the magisterial reformers such as John Calvin affirmed the Perpetuality Virginity of Mary (PVM). Calvin especially…

Apr 7·1 min read·89 words

Paul Proclaims: Christ is Creator and Not a Creature

In his epistle to the Romans, Paul laments the fact that humans have turned to worshiping and serving the creation as opposed to glorifying and thanking the Creator, who is to be praised forever: “Fo…

Apr 6·1 min read·95 words

Ambrosiaster: Trinity, Jesus the Great Angel & Hypostatic Union

The excerpts cited here are all taken from Ambrosiaster’s Commentary on the Pauline Epistles: Romans, Translated with Notes, by Theodore S. de Bruyn, with an Introduction by Theodore S. de Bruyn, Step…

Apr 5·1 min read·92 words

Justin Martyr, Messianic Prophecies & Acts of Pilate

The excerpts cited here are taken from St. Justin Martyr’s First Apology. Justin appeals to Old Testament prophecies and to written records by Pilate, which were still in existence, to convince the R…

Apr 4·1 min read·92 words

Novatian, Trinity, Modalism, Hypostatic Union Pt. 2

I continue from where I previously left off: Novatian, Trinity, Modalism, Hypostatic Union. Chapter 20. It is Proved from the Scriptures that Christ Was Called an Angel. But Yet It is Shown from Oth…

Apr 4·1 min read·92 words

Novatian, Trinity, Modalism, Hypostatic Union

The quotations which I will cite here are taken from Novatian's Treatise Concerning the Trinity. All emphasis will be mine. Novatian sets forth biblical texts to refute the modalist lie that Jesus is…

Apr 4·1 min read·88 words

When Was Christ Crucified?

The excerpts in this post are taken from Gary M. Burge, John: The NIV Application Commentary, published by Zondervan Academic, Grand Rapids, MI, in September, 2000. All emphasis will be mine. Here is…

Apr 3·1 min read·89 words

Cyprian, Messianic Prophecies & Christ’s Hypostatic Union Pt. 2

Here’s the link to the first part: Cyprian, Messianic Prophecies & Christ’s Hypostatic Union. I cite from the rest of St. Cyprian’s treatise where he quotes verse after verse from both testaments to …

Apr 3·1 min read·87 words

Cyprian, Messianic Prophecies & Christ’s Hypostatic Union

In this post I will be quoting from St. Cyprian’s Treatises, specifically Treatise XII (Book 2). Cyprian quotes extensively from both the Old and New Testaments to prove that Jesus is the God-Man, the…

Apr 3·1 min read·93 words

Jesus Christ: The Eternally Reigning God

The inspired Scriptures describe Jesus ruling not merely as the human Davidic king, or as God’s plenipotentiary. The Holy Bible presents Christ God Almighty who reigns forever. I will set out to prov…

Apr 3·1 min read·93 words

The Book of Ezekiel: The Rabbis’ Nightmare

It is typical for anti-Christian rabbis to cite the following passage from Ezekiel to prove that the Messiah will be a mere human figure who himself will be in need of atoning sacrifices for the purif…

Apr 3·1 min read·104 words

Discrepancies Between the Sacrifices in Ezekiel and the Torah

The following is uploaded from this article: The Discrepancies between the Sacrifices in Ezekiel and the Torah - TheTorah.com. The laws of holiday sacrifices in Ezekiel 45–46 contradict the laws in N…

Apr 3·1 min read·90 words

Codex Sinaiticus & 2 Peter 1:1

Codex Sinaiticus (a supposed 4th century AD Greek manuscript of the Holy Bible) contains an interesting variant in 2 Peter 1:1. Instead of using the abbreviation (which scholars call nomina sacra) for…

Mar 31·1 min read·92 words

Jesus Christ: The Being Who Eternally Is

Ben Sirach asked the question as to who has been able to see God so as to describe him: “Because of him his messenger finds the way, and by his word all things hold together… Who has seen him and can…

Mar 30·1 min read·96 words

The High Priest’s Atoning Death

According to the Torah, if a person accidentally, unintentionally kills another s/he is allowed to flee from the avenger of blood to a designated place called a city of refuge. The individual is to re…

Mar 29·1 min read·91 words

Judaism Agrees: The Righteous Save the World

It may come as a surprise to learn that rabbinic Judaism teaches that God saves mankind by ordaining that the righteous suffer for the sins of the world as an atonement. Here’s what the 18th century …

Mar 29·1 min read·90 words

The Atoning Blood of Isaac

Remarkably, there is a tradition within Judaism, which claims that Isaac was actually killed/slaughtered and then raised back to life. There are also traditions that even go as far as to connect Isaac…

Mar 29·1 min read·86 words

Judaism’s Dying & Rising Messiah

Rabbinic Judaism posits the appearance of two Messiahs, one of whom will be killed for the sins of Israel in order to make atonement for them. Rabbinic tradition calls him the Messiah Son of Joseph. T…

Mar 29·1 min read·86 words

Isaac: Abraham’s Resurrected Son

The quotes cited here are taken from this post: Isaac's Death and Resurrection. It shows the deep theological significance of Abraham’s willingness to slaughter Isaac had on rabbinic tradition. All e…

Mar 27·1 min read·95 words

Isaac's Death & Resurrection

The following excerpt is taken from the article, Isaac Dies in the Akedah: From Bible to Midrash to Art. But Then Why Does Abraham Return Alone? Yet Isaac is absent when Abraham returns to his serv…

Mar 27·1 min read·80 words

Isaac’s Binding & Third Day Resurrection

The Midrash Rabbah on Genesis makes some rather interesting observations and claims in respect to the sacrifice of Isaac, all of which point to the crucifixion of the Lord Jesus. The Rabbah explains w…

Mar 27·1 min read·92 words

Judaism on the Atoning Death of the Righteous

It is a widespread teaching among the varied rabbinic sources that the death of the righteous makes atonement for sins. In this post I will cite some of these texts in order to show that the New Testa…

Mar 27·1 min read·87 words

Christ: The Uncreated Lamb of God

In this relatively short post, I will provide evidence from the Apocalypse of John that Jesus is not a creature, but is the eternal, uncreated divine Son who became a human being. I start off with som…

Mar 25·1 min read·97 words

St. John & Polycarp vs. Cerinthus & Marcion the firstborn of Satan

St. Irenaeus mentions what the Apostle John exclaimed when he ran into the gnostic heretic Cerinthus. He also recalls what his Bishop St. Polycarp, the beloved and holy martyr and disciple of the holy…

Mar 24·1 min read·101 words

Christ: The Visible Shape of God

I will be quoting from Philippians (Hermeneia), by Paul A. Holloway (Author), Adela Yarbro Collins (Editor), published by Fortress Press in 2017. The commentator argues that in Philippians 2:5-11, Jes…

Mar 21·1 min read·91 words

Late 2nd Century Testimony to Christ’s Deity

The Christian additions to the Siblyline Oracles are dated from the late 2nd century AD, and serve as further witness to the widespread belief in the Deity of Christ. All emphasis will be mine. Sibyl…

Mar 20·1 min read·92 words

Eastern Orthodox Bible on John 1

The excerpt cited here is taken from EOB: The Eastern Greek Orthodox New Testament: Based on the Patriarchal Text of 1904 with extensive variants, published by CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platf…

Mar 20·1 min read·92 words

Mormon Prophet Says the Christian God is the Devil!

The quotation from the Mormon false prophet Brigham Young is taken from: Testimony of the Spirit—Revelation Given According to Requirements- Spiritual Warfare and Conquest, Etc. The subheading reads:…

Mar 18·1 min read·78 words

Joseph Smith the Binitarian

The following lecture from Joseph Smith, the false prophet of the Mormon faith, is taken from: Lectures on Faith/Lecture Fifth. It can also be accessed here: Fifth Theological Lecture on Faith, circa…

Mar 18·1 min read·90 words

Adam: The God & Father of Brigham Young

On 9 April 1852, the Mormon false prophet Brigham Young stated: Now hear it, O inhabitants of the earth, Jew and Gentile, Saint and sinner! When our father Adam came into the garden of Eden, he came…

Mar 18·1 min read·104 words

Jesus Christ: YHWH’s Destroying Angel

According to the Hebrew Bible, God sent a Destroyer to slay the firstborn of Egypt: “And Yahweh will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and He will see the blood on the lintel and on the two doorpo…

Mar 17·1 min read·95 words

More Proofs that the Father and Son are One God

In this post I will show how the same verbs, participles, functions, titles, etc., are employed for both God and the Lord Jesus Christ. This will demonstrate that the inspired writings do teach the Tr…

Mar 17·1 min read·100 words

Another Unitarian Dilemma: How Many Saviors?

In a book discussing the various views on the Trinity, one of the contributors Dr. Beau Branson, an Eastern Orthodox philosopher, levels the following challenge to Unitarians in general, and to Unitar…

Mar 17·1 min read·85 words

Jesus Christ: The Great God, King & Shepherd

The Hebrew Bible proclaims that YHWH is the great God and great King over all other gods, being the One who made and sustains the earth. YHWH is further described as the Shepherd who holds his sheep i…

Mar 16·1 min read·109 words

The Mormon Jesus: The Uncreated Father and Son?

The official religious sources of the Mormon religion present an incoherent, contradictory picture of Jesus Christ. In some of their writings, Jesus is described as an uncreated, eternal divine Person…

Mar 16·1 min read·93 words

JOSEPH SMITH THE FALSE PROPHET DEBATE

The following is the material I prepared for my debate with a Mormon. All bold and capital emphasis will be mine. SMITH THE POLYTHEIST The Gods plan the creation of the earth and all life thereon—Th…

Mar 16·1 min read·99 words

Jesus Christ: The Eternally Reigning God

In this post I will be excerpting a section from Dr. Robert A. Morey’s The Trinity: Evidence & Issues, published by World Bible Publishers, Inc., Iowa Falls, IA, 1996, Part II: The Old Testament Evide…

Mar 16·1 min read·88 words

God’s Form = God’s Appearance

The following excerpt is taken from The Expositor's Greek Testament, edited by Rev. Nicoll, W. Robertson (William Robertson), Sir, 1851-1923, published by Hodder & Stoughton in 1897, Volume III, pp. 4…

Mar 16·1 min read·87 words

Oldest Extant Invocation to Mary

The information posted here is uploaded from the following article: The original papyrus fragment. In 1917, a stunning treasure came to the John Rylands Library in Manchester, England. It was a piec…

Mar 15·1 min read·89 words

THE BIBLICAL GOD VERSUS THE MORMON GODS

I begin a series of posts where I contrast the teachings of God’s only inspired Revelation, the Holy Bible, with the beliefs of Mormonism. THE ISSUE OF CREATION Not only does Mormonism butcher the …

Mar 14·1 min read·92 words

The Mormon Dilemma

A typical ploy among modern day Mormon apologists is to appeal to texts where the Father is said to be the only true God as a way of proving their belief that Jesus is not a member of a Triune Godhead…

Mar 14·1 min read·100 words

St. Bernard on the Glorious Form of Jesus

Mar 12·1 min read·90 words

Jesus: The Uncreated God

The lengthy excerpt which I present here is taken from Michael F. Bird’s Jesus Among the Gods: Early Christology in the Greco-Roman World, published by Baylor University Press, Waco, TX in 2022], I. J…

Mar 12·1 min read·83 words

Dan: Antichrist’s Tribe and Lineage?

In the following post I quoted from some early Christian sources showing how certain Christians believed that the antichrist would arise from Dan: Dan: The Tribe of Antichrist. Here I will shar…

Mar 12·1 min read·91 words

Abraham’s Seed that Blesses the World: Jesus Christ!

Unless noted otherwise I will be citing the Authorized King James Version (AV) of the Holy Bible. The AV has the advantage of notifying the readers when the Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek languages, wh…

Mar 12·1 min read·93 words

Pistis = Faithfulness

Here is how A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (commonly referred to as BDAG) defines the Greek word employed within the writings of the New Testamen…

Mar 11·1 min read·82 words

Jehovah’s Witnesses & Jesus’ Sonship

According to the Watchtower Bible & Tract Society’s literature, Jesus only became God’s spiritual Son at his baptism. It was at that moment that Jesus became aware of his heavenly preexistence as …

Mar 11·1 min read·91 words

Jesus’ Relatives, NT Canon, Clement, Bishops & Miracles

In this post I will quote from St. Irenaeus and Eusebius as they discuss Apostolic succession, Jesus’ relatives and their Davidic lineage, the Bishop of Rome, one of whom was Clement, Clement’s le…

Mar 11·1 min read·90 words

The Calves of YHWH Pt. 2

More Evidence for the Trinity In a previous article, I showed how the fashioning of the golden calves points to the Triune Nature of God: The Calves of the Trinity: The Calves of the Trinity. …

Mar 10·1 min read·95 words

Vulgar/Graphic Language in the Holy Bible

The following list was generated by LordJesusChrist by using AI technology. Here are the links to his channel and blogs: YT: https://www.youtube.com/@LORDJESUSCHRISTREIGNS Blog: https://lord…

Mar 9·1 min read·69 words

Athanasius Confirms Ignatius’ Christology

St. Athanasius, the great Trinitarian defender and saint of the Church, in refuting the Arian heretics mentions another great saint who became a holy martyr of Christ, St. Ignatius. Athanasius con…

Mar 9·1 min read·85 words

The Calves of the Trinity

A hidden gem for the Trinity can be found in the story of the Exodus and the event of the golden calf. The Israelites grew restless after Moses went up to the Mount to meet God, and demanded th…

Mar 9·1 min read·100 words

Some Unusual Proofs for the Trinity

In this post I will be sharing some uncommon prooftexts for the Trinity by focusing on verses, which have a threefold pattern or structure. The Triune God that Blesses The Levitical priests…

Mar 9·1 min read·91 words

Dan: The Tribe of Antichrist

There were some early Christian writers and saints who actually believed that the Antichrist was a Danite, meaning that he would arise from the tribe of Dan. Some even thought that there would be …

Mar 7·1 min read·89 words

The 9 Choirs of Heavenly Creatures

According to the ancient apostolic Churches, i.e., Oriental Orthodox (OO), Eastern Orthodox (EO), Assyrian Church of the East (ACOE), and the Catholic Church, there are nine choirs or categories o…

Mar 7·1 min read·77 words

Wallace, Jesus & the True God

The excerpt cited here is taken from Dr. Daniel B. Wallace’s Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament, published by Zondervan, Grand Rapids, MI 1996], pp. 326-327…

Mar 5·1 min read·89 words

Filioque, Petrine & Roman Primacy

The following excerpt is taken from Francis Dvornik, Byzantine missions among the Slavs. SS. Constantine-Cyril and Methodius (F. Dvornik, Byzantine missions among the Slavs - 6), pp. 189-192. The …

Mar 5·1 min read·84 words

Water Baptism Now Saves You!

On the day of Pentecost when the Holy Spirit had filled and empowered the disciples of Christ to proclaim the Gospel, Peter preached to the crowds of Jews that they had to turn to Christ and under…

Mar 4·1 min read·96 words

Belief: The Work that God Requires!

Contrary to the teaching of Protestantism, the God-breathed Scriptures teach that belief in Christ is a work, in fact the one necessary work required by God for salvation. Note carefully the wo…

Mar 3·1 min read·97 words

The Seed that Blesses the World: Israel Not It!

Orthodox Jews, Zionists and specific Christian sects quote the following Old Testament passage to prove that national Israel is the seed of Abraham whom God said would either be a blessing or a cu…

Mar 1·1 min read·102 words

Chrysostom: Jews & their Synagogues & Feasts

The following is taken from John Chrysostom, Against the Jews. Homily 1. All emphasis will be mine. (1) TODAY I HAD INTENDED to complete my discussion on the topic on which I spoke to you a…

Mar 1·1 min read·98 words

Jesus: The Balaam of the Talmud

According to Talmudic scholars, certain references to Balaam in the Talmud are actually about Jesus. Case in point: And he took up his parable, and said, Alas, who shall live when God doeth…

Mar 1·1 min read·94 words

More on the Messiah in the Talmud

The following citations are taken from the Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 93b-94a and 96b. I cite them since they ascribe OT texts, such as Isaiah 11:1-10 and Amos 9:11, and which also reject the id…

Feb 28·1 min read·84 words

Euesbius on the New Testament Canon

The following is taken from Eusebius’ Church History, Book III. All emphasis will be mine. Chapter 3. The Epistles of the Apostles. 1. One epistle of Peter, that called the first, is acknowled…

Feb 25·1 min read·93 words

Submitting to the Bishop

The Holy Bible is clear that the inspired Scriptures were never meant to be the private possession of the common folk, but were to be entrusted to qualified individuals appointed by God. These wer…

Feb 24·1 min read·86 words

Catholic Commentary on John

In this post I will be quoting from Catholic Commentary on Sacred Scripture: The Gospel of John, by Francis Martin and William M. Wright IV, published by BakerAcademic, a division of Baker Publish…

Feb 24·1 min read·84 words

The Fruits of Sola Scriptura: Holy Eucharist

In this post I will cite from the confessions and/or catechisms of the Lutheran, Anglican, Presbyterian and Baptists in respect to the sacrament of the holy Eucharist. The readers will see that th…

Feb 22·1 min read·89 words

The Fruits of Sola Scriptura: Water Baptism

In this post I will be quoting from the catechisms and/or confessions of Lutherans, Anglicans, Presbyterians and Baptists to show how none of them can agree on the nature, mode and/or effects of w…

Feb 22·1 min read·91 words

God’s Land Promises to Israel Already Fulfilled

According to the Holy Bible, God had already fulfilled his promise to the patriarchs that their seed would inherit all the land, which he had sworn to give to them, after Joshua had brought Israel…

Feb 21·1 min read·103 words

Textual Veracity of Luke 22:19-20

The majority of English versions of the Holy Bible contain the so-called longer reading of Luke 22:19-20: “And when He had taken some bread and given thanks, He broke it and gave it to them…

Feb 19·1 min read·96 words

AISHA’S WRATH & JEALOUSY

The sunni traditions illustrate Muhammad’s shameful failure as a husband, resulting in bitter jealousy and rivalry among his multiple wives. This is particularly true in the case of his child-brid…

Feb 17·1 min read·88 words

Aisha: A Hypocrite According to Muhammad

Muhammad is alleged to have said that only a hypocrite would hate his paternal first cousin and son-in-law Ali ibn Abu Talib: 5 Musnad 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib It was narrated that ‘Ali said: …

Feb 17·1 min read·84 words

Mary in the Talmud

In this post I will be excerpting references from Peter Schäfer’s book Jesus in the Talmud, published by Princeton University Press in 2007, in respect to what the Babylonian Talmud claims about t…

Feb 17·1 min read·85 words

St. Gregory of Nyssa on the Filioque

In this post I will share a few quotes from St. Gregory in respect to the Filioque, e.g., the Holy Spirit’s eternal procession from the Father by/through the Son. All emphasis will be mine. …

Feb 17·1 min read·94 words

Epiphanius of Cyprus on the Filioque

In this post I will be citing from the works of St. Epiphanius in respect to the eternal procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father and/through the Son. All emphasis will be mine. 44,3 …

Feb 16·1 min read·92 words

St. Cyril on the Filioque

In this post I will be citing from the works of St. Cyril of Alexandria where this blessed saint spoke of the Spirit’s essential/natural procession from both the Father and the Son. All emphasis w…

Feb 16·1 min read·96 words

HEBREW WITNESS: CAN THREE BE ONE ?

By The Late Rev. Sam Stern But how can three names be one? Are they one because we call them one? How three can be one is only to be known through the revelation of the Holy Spirit [Ruach Hakod…

Feb 16·1 min read·98 words

The Talmud: Jesus is Burning in Dung!

In this post I will be quoting from Peter Schäfer’s book Jesus in the Talmud, published by Princeton University Press in 2007. Here is what is written about him on Princeton University’s websit…

Feb 15·1 min read·84 words

The Son of Man Comes as the Ancient of Days

In this post I will be quoting from the article by Benjamin E. Reynolds, The 'One Like a Son of Man' According to the Old Greek of Daniel 7, 13-14, pp. 2-9 and 12-13. The phrase “Old Greek” (OG) s…

Feb 15·1 min read·101 words

Closed Hebrew Mem & the Virgin Birth

The excerpts here are taken from the following article: Mem - The thirteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. All emphasis will be mine. The thirteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet Rabbi …

Feb 13·1 min read·86 words

Virgin Birth in Isa. 9:7

The following is taken from this site post: The Mystery Of The Closed Mem. The Mystery Of The Closed Mem By Daniel Botkin The letter mem, which corresponds to our English letter M, is on…

Feb 13·1 min read·101 words

RAMBAM & MESSIAH’S ADVENT

The following excerpt is taken from Moses Maimonides’ epistle to the Yemeni Jews written in the 12th century AD, titled Iggeret Teiman (https://www.sefaria.org/Iggerot_HaRambam%2C_Iggeret_Teiman.1…

Feb 12·1 min read·76 words

RAMBAM, MESSIANIC PROPHECY & JESUS

The lengthy excerpt is from Moses Maimonides’ epistle to the Yemeni Jews written in the 12th century AD, titled Iggeret Teiman (https://www.sefaria.org/Iggerot_HaRambam%2C_Iggeret_Teiman.10?lang=b…

Feb 12·1 min read·76 words

RAMBAM ON MUHAMMAD & THE ARABS

The following is taken from Iggeret Teiman (https://www.sefaria.org/Iggerot_HaRambam%2C_Iggeret_Teiman.10?lang=bi), which is a letter that the Moses Maimonides wrote to the Jews living in Yemen ar…

Feb 12·1 min read·81 words

Concealing What They Don’t Have?

More Proof for the Islamic Dilemma Another way in which the Quran affirms the textual veracity and preservation of the Jewish and Christian Scriptures is by repeatedly emphasizing the point th…

Feb 11·1 min read·85 words

Allah's Uncreated Created Tablet Revisited

According to Sunni Islam, Allah wrote down in a tablet called al-Lawh al-Mahfuz everything that it would take place in creation fifty thousand years before he actually created the heavens and the …

Feb 10·1 min read·86 words

Job’s Divine Redeemer Has Come!

The book of Job records the statements of one of Job’s interlocutors named Elihu who made some astute observations about the holiness and justice of God, and his righteous judgment upon sinners. E…

Feb 10·1 min read·90 words

Jesus & The Holy Spirit: The True Muhammad/Ahmad!

The latest attempt by internet Muslim dawagandists to prove that Muhammad is mentioned in the Holy Bible is to now appeal to a 9th century translation of the LXX version of the Hebrew Bible into A…

Feb 9·1 min read·92 words

Muhammad: The Torah’s Upholder & Defender

The following verse poses a major problem for Muslims: Have you not considered those (Jews) who are given a portion of the Book? They are invited to the Book of Allah that it might decide b…

Feb 9·1 min read·95 words

Isaiah 42 Revisited

The purpose of this short post is to demonstrate how both ancient and post-Christian versions and commentaries from both Jews and Christians interpreted Isaiah 42:1. All emphasis will be mine. …

Feb 6·1 min read·79 words

Matthew 2:23 Revisited

In this post I will cite a few commentaries explaining what did Matthew exactly mean when he wrote that Jesus is supposed to be a Nazarene according to the prophets. All emphasis will be mine. …

Feb 6·1 min read·92 words

Bart Ehrman, Jesus & Daniel’s Son of Man

Bart Ehrman is among a few fringe scholars who think that Jesus’ Apocalyptic Son of Man sayings are not about himself, but are referring to someone else. Despite believing this to be the case, Ehr…

Feb 5·1 min read·97 words

Islam Proves Jesus is Daniel’s Son of Man!

In this post I will demonstrate that due to Muhammad being an “ear” who parroted and garbled up what he heard from others, that he basically ended up identifying Jesus as the Son of Man of Daniel’…

Feb 4·1 min read·93 words

Notes for the Danielic Son of Man versus Muhammad Session

Arabic Daniel versus Quran The Arabic version of Daniel translates the Aramaic verb for the worship that both the Son of Man and the Most Highs receive, i.e., yipelachun from pelach, with the fo…

Feb 4·1 min read·99 words

The Quran’s Disrespect of Mary

The Muslim text describes the manner in which Allah impregnated Mary in a crude, vulgar, disgusting manner: And Mary Amran's daughter who remained chaste (protected) HER GENITAL PARTS (farj…

Jan 31·1 min read·75 words

Athanasius on Origen’s Christology

In his refutation to the Arians, the beloved saint and outstanding defenders of the most Glorious and Holy Trinity, St. Athanasius lists Origen among those who held to an orthodox of the Trinity a…

Dec 22·1 min read·89 words