Rituals of Recruitment: How Right-Wing Extremist Combat Sports Groups Mobilise Young Men Online and Offline

The growth of online fitness ecosystems with ties to right-wing extremism (RWE), alongside manosphere influencers who promote self-improvement through physical training and warrior-style identities, has evolved in tandem with a broader surge in interest in mixed martial arts (MMA). In recent years, popularised among mainstream audiences by the strategic branding of the UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship), PFL (Professional Fighters League), […]