The Digital Persistence of Violent Extremism: A Framework for Analysing Online Ideological Markers Post-Disengagement

Violent extremist ecosystems increasingly persist online despite sustained moderation efforts by technology companies. Individuals who formally disengage from extremist movements—whether through incarceration, deradicalisation programmes, or personal exit—often remain connected to, or re-engage with, the same digital environments that previously shaped their worldviews (Morrison et al., 2021; De Roos & Caon, 2026). This presents a distinct challenge for platforms: ‘How do […]