Propaganda as Financial Infrastructure: How Islamic State and al-Qaeda Media Ecosystems Enable Terrorist Finance

Propaganda ecosystems function as parallel trust infrastructures, enabling extremist organisations to coordinate financial activity outside formal financial systems. While extremist propaganda is typically studied as a tool for recruitment or ideological dissemination, these ecosystems also perform a critical financial function as generators of the reputational legitimacy and interpersonal trust necessary for decentralised financial networks to operate. Over the past decade, […]