Fabricated citations: an audit across 2-5 million biomedical papers

Topaz M, Roguin N, Gupta P et al. Fabricated citations: an audit across 2·5 million biomedical papers. Volume 407, Issue 10541 p1779-1781May 09, 2026 “Scientific literature depends on the integrity of its references. Each reference implicitly asserts that a verifiable source exists and supports the claims being made. When references point to non-existent studies, readers, ...