PET imaging study reveals how ketamine relieves treatment-resistant depression

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, and approximately 30% of patients develop treatment-resistant depression (TRD), a condition that does not respond adequately to conventional antidepressant therapies. Although ketamine has emerged as a rapid-acting antidepressant for individuals with TRD, its underlying biological mechanism in the human brain has remained poorly understood, limiting efforts to optimize and personalize treatment.