SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING A REFERENCE DIRECTION RELATED TO A VEHICLE

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for processing at least one service request for an on-demand service. The systems may perform the methods to determine a start location and a destination related to the service request; determine a recommended route based on the start location and the destination; determine a reference direction related to a vehicle based on the recommended route; and send, to at least one provider terminal, data related to the reference direction.