CATHODE ADDITIVES TO PROVIDE AN EXCESS LITHIUM SOURCE FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES

A lithium ion electrochemical cell is described in which the lithium comprising further comprises a lithiation agent. The lithiation agent, which comprises a lithium constituent, is designed to provide an excess source of lithium to minimize capacity loss of the lithium ion electrochemical cell. The anode of the lithium ion cell comprises a material matrix comprising carbon, graphene and an active element such as silicon or tin.