SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PATH DETERMINATION

The present disclosure is related to systems and methods for open-surface navigation for a vehicle based on a time-space map. The method includes determining a time-space map of a first area. The time-space map may include a plurality of time-space grids. Each time-space grid may include temporal information and geographic information corresponding to the time-space grid. The method also includes obtaining obstacle status of each of one or more obstacles corresponding to a first time period. The method also includes determining a plurality of navigable grids and a plurality of unnavigable grids among the plurality of time-space grids, based on the obstacle status. The method further includes determining a path for the vehicle based on the plurality of navigable grids.