BATTERY PACK

A battery pack includes at least one battery module (3010) and two lid modules. The battery module (3010) includes a plurality of battery cells (0020), a cell holder (0050), and a liquid-limiting casing (0080). The liquid-limiting casing (0080) is configured as a tubing structure having a peripheral wall (0090) laterally surrounding a space. The peripheral wall (0090) defines a module liquid opening (0094/0095) at a vertical end and includes at least one module-wall-vertical-channel (3098) extending vertically therein and at least one module-wall-lateral-channel (3099) extending laterally therethrough. The battery pack defines a first fluid path connecting a lid liquid channel and the space via the module liquid opening (0094/0095), and a second fluid path connecting the lid liquid channel and the space via the module liquid opening (0094/0095), the module-wall-vertical-channel (3098), and the module-wall-lateral-channel (3099). This architecture provides synergistic bulk and targeted cooling without external piping.