ADDITIVE TO CERAMIC ION CONDUCTING MATERIAL TO MITIGATE THE RESISTIVE EFFECT OF SURFACE CARBONATES AND HYDROXIDES

A method of modifying a carbonate layer formed on a surface of an electrochemical cell component is provided. The surface includes a ceramic oxide. The carbonate layer includes a carbonate and is substantially non-conductive to lithium ions and sodium ions. The method includes contacting the carbonate layer with a modifying agent to form a mixture and causing the modifying agent to incorporate into the carbonate layer and form a modified hybrid layer including a eutectic mixture of the modifying agent and the carbonate. The modified hybrid layer is conductive to lithium ions and sodium ions.