BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS) ANALOG FRONT-END (AFE) AND ACTIVE CELL BALANCING ARCHITECTURE

A centralized control unit for actively balancing a multi-cell battery pack is provided. The centralized control unit may include an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to monitor and digitize voltage readings of the battery cells in the multi-cell battery pack, a microcontroller unit (MCU) to process the digitized voltage readings from the ADC, analyze a state of the battery cells, and execute one or more balancing algorithms, and a DC-DC converter to enable redistribution of energy to maintain balance across the battery cells.