{
  "$type": "site.standard.document",
  "description": "The invention concerns fuel cell systems and methods for converting chemical energy of a fuel containing hydrogen into electricity. According to the invention, a fuel cell stack is provided having at least one anode and one cathode separated by a proton-exchange membrane. A fuel transport circuit…",
  "path": "/patents/1294989",
  "publishedAt": "2021-07-08T00:00:00.000Z",
  "site": "at://did:plc:oql6ds5vnff4ugar6rruliwd/site.standard.publication/3mn3ohu7oxx5w",
  "tags": [
    "H01M8/04268",
    "Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT Oy"
  ],
  "textContent": "The invention concerns fuel cell systems and methods for converting chemical energy of a fuel containing hydrogen into electricity. According to the invention, a fuel cell stack is provided having at least one anode and one cathode separated by a proton-exchange membrane. A fuel transport circuit feeds fuel to the fuel cell stack, and a temperature control system is adapted to control the temperature of the fuel cell stack by circulating a coolant medium through said fuel cell stack. The temperature control system includes a pump for circulating the coolant medium, a heater unit connected to a coolant transport circuit for heating the coolant with a PTC heater, a heat radiation unit connected to the coolant transport circuit for removing excess heat, and a temperature sensor. In response to a startup condition of the fuel cell stack, a controller is adapted to read a temperature signal indicative of the fuel cell stack temperature, to bypass the heat radiation unit, if the fuel cell stack temperature is below a first predetermined value, and to connect electric power generated by said fuel cell stack to be started-up to said PTC heater.",
  "title": "A fuel cell system and a method and apparatus for starting a fuel cell stack"
}