POSITION DETECTION SYSTEM, VEHICLE, AND POSITION DETECTION METHOD

This position detection system is provided with: a distance measuring sensor that is attached to a vehicle traveling along a track and is capable of measuring a distance over a predetermined range in the track width direction; an edge position detecting unit that detects an edge position in the track width direction of the track on the basis of distance measurement data from the distance measuring sensor; and a distance calculation unit that calculates a distance in the track width direction between a reference position of the track that is specified from the edge position and a reference position of the vehicle to which the distance measuring sensor is attached.