FLOW-THROUGH ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

The present disclosure provides a flow-through rechargeable electrochemical cell including a container housing a cathode and an anode; a closed loop fluidly connected to the container; a fluid electrolyte in the container and closed loop and including a working ion; and a pump configured to cause the fluid electrolyte to flow through the closed loop, the porous cathode, and the porous anode in a first direction during discharge of the electrochemical cell. The present disclosure further includes a flow-through rechargeable battery including multiple electrochemical cells, a closed loop, and a pump.