MULTI-SHELL STRUCTURES FOR BATTERY ACTIVE MATERIALS WITH EXPANSION PROPERTIES

Battery electrode compositions are provided comprising core-shell composites. Each of the composites comprises an active material (102), a collapsible core (104), and a shell or coating (106). The active material (102) is provided to store and release metal ions during battery operation, whereby the storing and releasing of the metal ions causes a substantial change in volume of the active material (102). The collapsible core (104) is disposed in combination with the active material (102) to accommodate the changes in volume. The shell or coating (106) is formed from a material that is substantially permeable to the metal ions stored and released by the active material (102).