TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION COORDINATION FOR DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES INTEGRATION TO ELECTRICITY MARKETS

One or more systems and methods according to the present disclosure may apply a model for integrating distribution systems having proliferated distributed energy resources into the independent system operator energy market, particularly when one or more distribution systems are connected to a transmission system via multiple interconnection buses. Additionally, systems and methods for applying a compact multi-port model for power exchanges and associated bidding strategies are described. A the multi-port power exchange model may be constructed based on the operational feasible region of a distribution system; describing physical operation characteristics of distributed energy resources, flexible loads, and the distribution network; and the bidding strategy model may describe total operating cost of the distribution system, while recognizing electrically coupled injections of multiple interconnection buses.