ADDITIVES FOR FLUORENONE/FLUORENOL BASED AQUEOUS REDOX FLOW BATTERIES

Aqueous anolytes for redox flow batteries are disclosed. The anolytes include a fluorenone-fluorenol derivative, an additive comprising an organic compound including one or more proton acceptor groups, an alkali metal hydroxide, and water. The additive functions as a homogeneous organocatalyst and may increase the current density of an aqueous redox flow battery including the anolyte.