Enhanced Illumination-Invariant Imaging

Devices, systems, and methods for generating illumination-invariant images are disclosed. A method may include activating, by a device, a camera to capture first image data; while the camera is capturing the first image data, activating of a first, light source; receiving the first image data, the first image data having pixels having first color values; identifying first light generated by the first light source while the camera is capturing the first image data; identifying, based on the first image data, second light generated by a second light source; generating, based on the first light and the second light, second image data that are illumination-invariant; and presenting the second image data.