Charged-state lithium-ion batteries constructed using lithium-free binary Fe/Mn-based cathode materials

A lithium-ion battery may include a lithium-free cathode, a lithiated anode, and a separator/electrolyte between the lithium-free cathode and the lithiated anode. The lithium-free cathode may include FeOF and MnO. The FeOF may be in the form of nanorods, and the MnOmay be in the form of monolayer nanosheets. The FeOF nanorods may be sandwiched or wrapped by the monolayer MnOnanosheets.