FAST CHARGING AND DISCHARGING RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES BY ISOTOPE CONTROL

The present disclosure is directed to a battery that comprise at least one electrochemical cell that comprises a cathode, an anode or an anode current collector and an electrolyte disposed between the cathode and the anode or the current collector, wherein (a) the anode comprises an isotopically enriched metal; (b) the cathode comprises isotopically enriched metal ions; (c) the electrolyte comprises an isotopically enriched metal salt; (d) a combination of (a) and (b); (e) a combination of (a) and (c); (f) a combination of (b) and (c); or (g) a combination of (a), (b) and (c).