Battery Management System, Battery Pack, Electric Vehicle and Battery Management Method

A battery management system includes a sensing circuit to acquire a state parameter of each of a plurality of battery cells connected in series; and a control circuit to determine, for each battery cell, a first state of charge (SOC) change which is a difference between a first SOC at a first charge time and a second SOC at a second charge time by applying a SOC estimation algorithm to the state parameter acquired during charging. The control circuit determines a reference factor by applying a statistical algorithm to the first SOC changes of at least two of the plurality of battery cells. The control circuit detects an internal short circuit fault in each battery cell based on the first SOC change of each battery cell and the reference factor.