Carbon Footprint Optimized Timely E-Truck Transportation

Carbon footprint optimization of an electric vehicle, such as a heavy-duty e-truck, traveling in a trip across a highway network subject to a hard deadline constraint and one or more battery state-of-charge (SoC) constraints is carried out by co-determining a route plan, a speed plan and an intermediary charging plan for the electric vehicle with an objective of minimizing a carbon footprint incurred in the trip. In co-determining the three plans, a stage-expanded graph for modeling possible routing decisions of routing the trip in the highway network and possible charging decisions of charging the electric vehicle during the trip is constructed. The stage-expanded graph embeds information of arrival time and arrival SoC to facilitate modeling the charging decisions. The three plans are optimized by a dual subgradient method according to the stage-expanded graph under the objective of minimizing the carbon footprint while satisfying the constraints.