{
  "$type": "site.standard.document",
  "description": "A grid-forming photovoltaic (PV) system and method for both islanded connection and grid-connected mode is provided. An inverter converts PV array voltage to a voltage usable as a power source to an electric power system load. Active power-frequency droop controller regulates a modulator that…",
  "path": "/patents/1377141",
  "publishedAt": "2025-11-27T00:00:00.000Z",
  "site": "at://did:plc:oql6ds5vnff4ugar6rruliwd/site.standard.publication/3mn3ohu7oxx5w",
  "tags": [
    "H02J3/388",
    "Siemens Corporation"
  ],
  "textContent": "A grid-forming photovoltaic (PV) system and method for both islanded connection and grid-connected mode is provided. An inverter converts PV array voltage to a voltage usable as a power source to an electric power system load. Active power-frequency droop controller regulates a modulator that generates drive signals to drive the inverter. Proportional integral controller generates a frequency shift value that adjusts output of the active power-frequency droop controller to yield a phase angle control for modulation of the inverter drive signals. A control mode switch selects among a plurality of control modes for operation of the proportional integral controller. A model-free control algorithm controls the control mode switch, including a control mode () for synchronizing the PV system with the grid in which proportional integral controller (a) detects offset between inverter output voltage and grid output voltage and (b) generates the frequency shift value.",
  "title": "CONTROL DESIGN FOR A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM IN GRID-FORMING OPERATION FOR POWER GRID SUPPORT"
}