Battery Monitoring Of Anodes, Cathodes And Separators

A vehicle battery monitoring system includes a drive unit including an electric motor to rotate wheels of a vehicle, at least one battery module configured to supply power to the electric motor, the at least one battery module including a cathode, an anode, and a separator between the anode and the cathode, a memory configured to store a cathode equivalent circuit model, an anode equivalent circuit model and a separator equivalent circuit model, and a vehicle control module configured to determine a cathode voltage response of the cathode using the cathode equivalent circuit model, determine an anode voltage response of the anode using the anode equivalent circuit model, determine a separator voltage response of the separator using the separator equivalent circuit model, and modify a charging current supplied to the at least one battery module based on the cathode voltage response, the anode voltage response, and the separator voltage response.