GRAPHENE-BASED PRECURSOR STRUCTURES

A method of improving catalyst accessibility of a carbon precursor includes exposing a graphene-based multi-layer precursor structure to a plurality of electrocatalyst clusters by applying voltage to accelerate the clusters towards the graphene-based multi-layer precursor structure to generate both mechanical defects in the graphene-based multi-layer precursor structure's surface and a near-uniform size population of deposited electrocatalyst at a near-uniform depth in the graphene-based multi-layer precursor structure.