FLUOROCARBON MOLECULAR ADDITIVES FOR PERFLUOROSULFONIC ACID BASED MEMBRANES

A proton exchange membrane for an energy conversion device, a hydrogen fuel cell stack for a vehicle, and a method of forming a proton exchange membrane. The proton exchange membrane includes a first layer of a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer. In addition, the perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer includes a first methoxy-nonafluorobutane coated additive. The hydrogen fuel cell stack includes one or more membrane electrode assemblies, each including a proton exchange membrane.