BATTERY PACK

A battery pack includes a charging-discharging circuit with at least one battery cell assembly, a battery-pack enclosure, high-voltage interface connectors, a high-voltage switching circuit, and a battery management circuit. The enclosure is formed by vertically stacking at least one tubing-shaped casing and covering opposite ends with two lid modules to form an insulated barrier isolating the battery cell assembly from an exterior. The tubing-shaped casing may be a liquid-limiting casing configured to hold thermal-management liquid for immersion cooling. The battery pack may utilize vertical wall channels within the casing to accommodate signal lines or conductor rods, thereby enabling either a distributed electrical interface configuration or a single-ended terminal configuration. The structure facilitates modular assembly, efficient thermal management, and integrated electrical control.