NIOBIUM-BASED NEGATIVE ELECTRODES AND HIGH ENERGY DENSITY RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES WITH THE SAME

Rechargeable lithium-ion cells and implantable medical devices including the same are provided herein with niobium-based negative electrodes and high voltage positive electrodes. Electrode active materials are provided herein, including pseudoternary compositions within a Ti—Nb—W—O pseudoternary system and/or including titanium, niobium, oxygen, and an elemental dopant. Rechargeable lithium-ion cells provided herein with niobium-based negative electrodes afford improved energy density, and, more particularly, provide improved energy density at operating voltages for use in implantable medical devices.