CARBON ELECTRODES WITH SPATIAL GRADIENTS IN POROSITY FOR HIGH-POWER REDOX FLOW BATTERIES

Disclosed are methods for fabricating a porosity gradient electrode. Also disclosed are porous electrodes. In this process, a single-phase mixture of scaffold-forming polymers dissolved in a solvent is driven into two-phases by a non-solvent, yielding a scaffold which can subsequently be thermally annealed into a carbonaceous and electrochemically active material.