ENERGY HARVESTING DEVICES AND SENSORS, AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USE THEREOF

Disclosed herein are energy harvesting devices and sensors, and methods of making and use thereof. The energy harvesting devices can comprise a membrane disposed on a substrate, wherein the membrane comprises a two-dimensional (2D) material and one or more ripples; and a component electrically, magnetically, electromagnetically, electrostatic/capacitively, piezoelectrically, magnetostrictively and/or mechanically coupled to the membrane and/or the substrate, such that the component is configured to harvest energy from the membrane. The sensors can comprise a membrane disposed on a substrate, wherein the membrane comprises a two-dimensional material one or more ripples; and a component electrically, magnetically, electromagnetically, electrostatic/capacitively, piezoelectrically, magnetostrictively and/or mechanically coupled to the membrane and/or the substrate, such that the component is configured to detect a signal from the membrane.