REFERENCE ELECTRODES, ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES INCLUDING REFERENCE ELECTRODES, AND METHODS OF MAKING REFERENCE ELECTRODES

A reference electrode assembly includes a separator substrate and a reference electrode layer. The separator substrate is porous and electrically insulating. The reference electrode layer is in direct contact with the separator substrate. The reference electrode layer includes an electroactive material, an electrically conductive material, and a binder. The electrically conductive material is intermingled with the electroactive material.