{
  "$type": "site.standard.document",
  "description": "Ionic derivatives of malonitrile have anionic part comprising an electron attracting group and a carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, sulfonyl, sulfinyl or phosphonyl radical. Ionic derivatives of malonitrile have anionic part comprising an electron attracting group and a carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, sulfonyl…",
  "path": "/patents/1105020",
  "publishedAt": "2002-05-02T00:00:00.000Z",
  "site": "at://did:plc:oql6ds5vnff4ugar6rruliwd/site.standard.publication/3mn3ohu7oxx5w",
  "tags": [
    "B01J31/0215",
    "CENTRE NAT RECH SCIENT [FR]"
  ],
  "textContent": "Ionic derivatives of malonitrile have anionic part comprising an electron attracting group and a carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, sulfonyl, sulfinyl or phosphonyl radical. Ionic derivatives of malonitrile have anionic part comprising an electron attracting group and a carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, sulfonyl, sulfinyl or phosphonyl radical. The anionic part is associated with a cationic part Mm+ sufficient to ensure neutrality, M being hydroxonium, nitrosonium, ammonium, a metallic cation of valence m or organic or organometallic of valence m. The anionic part complies with the formula: RD-Y-C(CN)2 - or Z-C(CN)2- in which: Z is an electron-attracting radical of Hammett parameter at least equal to phenyl, and selected from: (i) -SCN, -N3, -CF3, FSO2-, RFCH2- (RF = perfluoroalkyl), fluoroalkyloxy, fluoroalkylthioxy, fluoroalkenyloxy or fluoroalkenylthioxy; and (ii) radicals with one or more aromatic nuclei optionally with N, O, S or P and optionally condensed with substituents from halogens, -CN, -NO2, -SCN, -N3, CF2=CF-O-, RF- and RF-CH2- (RF = 1-12C perfluoroalkyl), fluoroalkyloxy, fluoroalkylthioxy, alkyl, alkenyl, oxaalkyl, oxaalkenyl, azaalkyl, azaalkenyl, thialkyl, thiaalkenyl, polymers and radicals having a cationic or anionic ionophore. The substituent Z may be monovalent, multivalent or part of a multivalent radical (including a dendrimer) with a group -C(CN)2- or a segment of a polymer. Y is thiocarbonyl, sulfonyl, sulfinyl or phosphonyl. RD is a radical selected from: (a) alkyl or alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, alkenylaryl, alicyclic or heterocyclic, including polycyclics; (b) alkyl or alkenyl comprising functional groups from ether, thioether, amine, imine, amide, carboxyl, carbonyl, isocyanate, thiocarbonyl or hydroxy; (c) aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, alkylaryl or alkenylaryl in which the nuclei and/or a substituent comprises heteroatoms such as N, O and S; (d) aromatic condensed nuclei optionally with N, O or S; (e) halogenated or perhalogenated alkyl, alkenyl. aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl optionally with functional groups such as ether, thioether, imine, amine, carboxyl, carbonyl or hydroxy; (f) radicals RCC(R)(R)-O- (RC = alkylperfluoro and R, R = H or a radical form (a), (b), (c) or (d)); (g) radicals (RB)2N- (RB = (a), (b), (c) or (d) or (e); one of RB may be H or both may form a divalent radical forming a ring with N); (h) polymer radicals; or (i) radicals having one or more cationic ionophores and/or several anionic ionophores. RD may be monovalent, part of a multivalent radical with several groups -Y-(CN)2 or a segment of a polymer. Independent claims are included for: (1) a polymerisation process using a described ionic compound as photoinitiator; (2) cationic dye compositions; and (3) use of the compounds as catalysts.",
  "title": "Ionic malonitril derivatives and their uses"
}