Why PEM fuel cells lose power: Study points to membrane-electrode interfaces

Fuel cells are considered a key technology for a climate-neutral energy supply. One particularly important type is the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). These devices convert hydrogen into electricity efficiently and could play a major role, especially in transportation and stationary energy systems. Inside a PEMFC, a thin polymer membrane ensures that only protons can pass through, while electrons flow externally, generating electric current. The properties of this essential membrane largely determine performance, efficiency, and durability.