VPN bypass IP leak affecting all Android 16 devices

Similar: Connectivity check bypasses / leaks through “Always-on VPN / Block connections without VPN” issues raised by Mullvad in 2022 on Google’s issue tracker:

Incomplete Android documentation about blocked connections, not mentioning said bypass/leak (“Assigned”, documentation not fixed since 2022) Current Android documentation for reference

Feature request for not bypassing VPN, actual discussion (“Won’t fix / Intended”)

Only solution is disabling connectivity checks altogether or alternatively routing the checks to a different, trusted server (both require ADB/root, if not in ROM settings).