Eusebius on Nicaea

The letter was written by Eusebius of Caesarea to his congregation, explaining why he and the others fully embraced and consented to the initial creedal formulation of Nicaea. In so doing, Eusebius is shown to be a Trinitarian who did not teach that the Son and the Spirit are creatures which were brought into being from nothing (creatio ex nihilo). All emphasis will be mine.

Letter on the Council of Nicaea

Letter of Eusebius of Cæsarea to the people of his Diocese.

1. What was transacted concerning ecclesiastical faith at the Great Council assembled at Nicæa, you have probably learned, Beloved, from other sources, rumour being wont to precede the accurate account of what is doing. But lest in such reports the circumstances of the case have been misrepresented, we have been obliged to transmit to you, first, the formula of faith presented by ourselves, and next, the second, which [the Fathers] put forth with some additions to our words. Our own paper, then, which was read in the presence of our most pious Emperor, and declared to be good and unexceptionable, ran thus:—

2. As we have received from the Bishops who preceded us, and in our first catechisings,and when we received the Holy Laver , and as we have learned from the divine Scriptures_, and as we_ believed_and taught in the_ presbytery_, and in the Episcopate itself, so believing also at the time present, we report to you our_ faith_, and it is this :_ —

3. We believe_in One_ God_, the Father Almighty, the Maker of all things visible and invisible**. And in One Lord**_ Jesus Christ**_, the_** Word of God**_, God from_** God**_, Light from Light, Life from Life, Son Only-begotten,** first-born**of every creature, BEFORE ALL AGES, begotten from the** Father, by Whom also all things were made ; Who for our salvation_was made flesh, and lived among men_, and suffered, and rose again the third day, and ascended to the_ Father_, and will come again in_ glory_to judge the quick and dead. And we_ believe_also in One_ Holy Ghost_: believing each of these to be and to exist, the Father_ truly_Father, and the Son_ truly_Son, and the_ Holy Ghost__ truly__ Holy Ghost_, as also our Lord, sending forth His_ disciples_for the preaching, said, Go teach all nations,_ baptizing**them in the Name of the Father and of the** Son**_, and of the_** Holy Ghost__ Matthew 28:19_. Concerning Whom we confidently affirm that so we hold, and so we think, and so we have held aforetime, and we maintain this_ faith_unto the death,_ anathematizing_every godless_ heresy_. That this we have ever thought from our heart and_ soul_, from the time we recollect ourselves, and now think and say in_ truth_, before God Almighty and_ our Lord Jesus Christ_do we_ witness_, being able by_ proofs_to show and to convince you, that, even in times past, such has been our belief and preaching_.

4. On this faith being publicly put forth by us, no room for contradiction appeared; but our most pious Emperor, before any one else, testified that it comprised most orthodoxstatements. He confessed moreover that such were his own sentiments, and he advised all present to agree to it, and to subscribe its articles and to assent to them, with the insertion of the single word, One-in- essence, which moreover he interpreted as not in the sense of the affections of bodies, nor as if the Son subsisted from the Father in the way of division, or any severance;for that the immaterial, and intellectual, and incorporeal nature could not be the subject of any corporeal affection , but that it became us to conceive of such things in a divine and ineffable manner. And such were the theological remarks of our most wise and most religious Emperor; but they, with a view to the addition of One in essence, drew up the following formula:—

The Faith dictated in the Council.

We believe_in One_ God_, the Father Almighty, Maker of all things visible and invisible:_ —

And in One Lord Jesus Christ_, the_ Son of God_, begotten of the_ Father_, Only-begotten, that is, from the_ essence_of the Father; God from_ God_, Light from Light, Very God from Very_ God_, begotten not made,One in_ essence**with the** Father_, by Whom all things were made, both things in heaven and things in earth; Who for us men and for our_ salvation_came down and was made flesh, was made man, suffered, and rose again the third day, ascended into heaven, and comes to judge quick and dead._

And in the Holy Ghost_._

And those who say, 'Once He was not,' and 'Before His generation He was not,' and 'He came to be from nothing,' or those who pretend that the Son of God_is 'Of other subsistence or_ essence_,' or 'created' or 'alterable,' or 'mutable,'the_ Catholic**__** Church**__** anathematizes_._

1. On their dictating this formula, we did not let it pass without inquiry in what sense they introduced ** of the** essence**of the** Father**_,_ and one in** essence**with the Father. Accordingly questions and explanations took place, and the meaning of the words underwent the scrutiny of reason. And they professed, that the phrase of the essencewas indicative of the Son's being indeed from the** Father**_, yet without being as if a part of Him_. And with this understanding we thought good to assent to the sense of such religious doctrine, teaching, as it did, that the Son was from the Father, not however a part of His** essence. On this account we assented to the sense ourselves, without declining even the term One in essence, peace being the object which we set before us, and steadfastness in the orthodox view.

2. In the same way we also admitted begotten, not made; since the Council alleged that made was an appellative common to the other creatures which came to be through the Son, to whom the Son had no likeness. Wherefore, say they, He was not a work resembling the things which through Him came to be , but was of an essence**which is too high for the level of any work ; and which the Divine oracles teach to have been generated from the Father , the mode of generation being inscrutable and incalculable to every originated nature**.

3. And so too on examination there are grounds for saying that the Son is one in essence with the Father; not in the way of bodies, nor like mortal beings, for He is not such by division of essence**, or by severance, no, nor by any affection, or alteration, or changing of the Father's** essenceand power (since from all such the unoriginate nature of the Father is alien), but because one in essence**with the Father suggests that the Son of Godbears no resemblance to the originated creatures, but that to His Father alone Who begot Him is He in every way assimilated, and that He is not of any other subsistence and essence, but from the Father.To which term also, thus interpreted, it appeared well to assent; since we were aware that EVEN AMONG THE ANCIENTS, some learned and illustrious Bishops and writers have used the term one in** essence**__,_ in their theological teaching concerning the Father and Son_**.

4. So much then be said concerning the faith which was published; to which all of us assented, not without inquiry, but according to the specified senses, mentioned before the most religious Emperor himself, and justified by the forementioned considerations. And as to the anathematism published by them at the end of the Faith, it did not pain us, because it forbade to use words not in Scripture, from which almost all the confusion and disorder of the Church**have come. Since then no divinely inspired Scripture has used the phrases, out of nothing , and once He was not , and the rest which follow,** there appeared no ground for using or teaching them ; to which also we assented as a good decision, since it had not been our custom hitherto to use these terms.

5. Moreover to anathematize**Before His generation He was not** , did not seem preposterous, in that it is confessed by all, that the Son of God was before the generation according to the flesh.

6. Nay, our most religious Emperor did at the time prove, in a speech, that He was in being even according to His divine generation which is BEFORE ALL AGES , since even before He was generated in energy, He was in virtue**with the Father ingenerately , the Father being always Father**, as King always, and Saviour always, being all things in virtue, and being always in the same respects and in the same way.

7. This we have been forced to transmit to you, Beloved, as making clear to you the deliberation of our inquiry and assent, and how reasonably we resisted even to the last minute as long as we were offended at statements which differed from our own, but received without contention what no longer pained us, as soon as, on a candid examination of the sense of the words, they appeared to us to coincide with what we ourselves have professed in the faith which we have already published.

Further Reading

Eusebius on the Trinity Part 1

Eusebius on the Trinity Pt. 4: Proverbs 8:22-36

Eusebius: Jesus as Eternal Wisdom & Angel

Eusebius: The Ever-Living Divine Holy Spirit

Eusebius, The Divine Holy Spirit & Filioque

Eusebius of Emesa on the Trinity