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  "textContent": "Stone - \"Misrecognition of the Limits\" - JCRT 3.1 \n\n\"Misrecognition of the Limits\": Bourdieu's _Religious Capital_ and Social Transformation\n\nLora Stone  \nUniversity of New Mexico\n\n  \n\nPolitical process models attempt to address the interaction between a social movement and the larger social environment, and treat society as a complex system of power relations through which a group may be denied or granted access to power. With the political process model, social movements are explained in terms of broad economic, demographic, and political processes that determine not only the context of a social movement, but how a movement develops or dissipates. Expanding this model, recent works in the study of social movements and social transformation have presented analyses that not only address the structural forces contributing to social movements, but include an analysis of their cultural and symbolic elements as well. However, political process theories do not explain many aspects of those social movements that occur _within_ institutions. Concepts drawn from the work of Pierre Bourdieu can contribute to an increased understanding of the dynamics of social movements occurring within institutions, especially those organized around or emerging from religious interest. In the following paragraphs I examine various political process theories, discuss Bourdieu's concepts of _habitus_, _field_, _symbolic power_, and _religious capital_, and consider the case of a social movement within an institution: the women's ordination movement in the Catholic Church.\n\nIntroduction\n\nSocial Movements As Political Process\n\nFrom The Work Of Bourdieu\n\n_Habitus_\n\n_Field_\n\n_Symbolic Power_\n\n_Cultural Capital_\n\nThe Ordination of Women\n\n_Conclusion and Continuance_\n\n     \n\n     Figure 1. Political process model.\n\n     \n\n     Figure 2. Challenge within a field.\n\n     As to social transformation, whether occurring as a field challenge between orthodoxy and heresy, or through challenges mounted by social movements against institutions, it seems culture is an important factor in the success of a movement. All social relations are supported by a system of shared understandings, and these understandings are shaped by code as both objectified culture and practiced culture. The success of a social movement, then, may depend on how well cultural biases are reshaped, and to what extent misrecognition is recognized.\n\n  \n\nReferences\n\n> Alberoni, Francesco. 1984. _Movement and Institution._ New York: Columbia University Press.\n> \n> Berger, Peter. 1967. _The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion._ New York: Doubleday.\n> \n> Boff, Leonardo. 1999. \"The Uncompleted Vision of Vatican II: The Church-Hierarchy of People of God?\" Pp. 31-39 in _The Non-Ordination of Women and the Politics of Power_, edited by Elisabeth Sch'ssler Fiorenza and Hermann H'ring. London: SCM Press.\n> \n> Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. \"Symbolic Power.\" Pp. 112-119 in _Identity and Structure_, edited by D. Gleeson. Driffield: Nafferton Books.\n> \n> \\----------. 1977a. _Outline of a Theory of Practice._ Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\n> \n> \\----------. 1979. _Algeria 1960._ Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\n> \n> \\----------. 1984. _Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste._ Cambridge: Harvard University Press.\n> \n> \\----------. 1987. \"What Makes a Social Class? On the Theoretical and Practical Existence of Groups.\" _Berkeley Journal of Sociology_ 32:1-18.\n> \n> \\----------. 1989. \"Social Space and Symbolic Power.\" _Sociological Theory_ 7.1: 14-25.\n> \n> \\----------. 1990. _The Logic of Practice._ Stanford: Stanford University Press.\n> \n> \\----------. 1991. \"Genesis and Structure of the Religious Field.\" Pp. 1-44 in _Comparative Social Research: Religious Institutions_, vol 13, edited by Craig Calhoun. Greenwich, CN.: JAI Press.\n> \n> \\----------. 1993. _The Field of Cultural Production._ New York: Columbia University Press.\n> \n> \\----------. 1993a. _Sociology in Question._ London: Sage Publications.\n> \n> \\----------. 1998. _Practical Reason: On Theory of Action._ Stanford: Stanford University Press.\n> \n> Bourdieu, Pierre, and Jean-Claude Passeron. 1977. _Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture._ London: Sage Publications.\n> \n> Bourdieu, Pierre, and Lo'c J. D. Wacquant. 1992. _An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology._ Chicago: University of Chicago Press.\n> \n> Chaves, Mark. 1997. _Ordaining Women: Culture and Conflict in Religious Organizations._ Cambridge: Harvard University Press.\n> \n> Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. 1995. \"Reply to the dubium concerning the teaching contained in the apostolic letter Ordinatio Sacerdotalis.\" _Origins_ 25 (November 30, 1995): 400-403.\n> \n> Evans-Pritchard, E. 1962. _Nuer Religion._ Oxford: Clarendon Press.\n> \n> Fiorenza, Elisabeth Sch'ssler, and Hermann H'ring. 1999. \"Introduction: They Can't Kill the Spirit.\" Pp. vii-x in _The Non-Ordination of Women and the Politics of Power_, edited by Elisabeth Sch'ssler Fiorenza and Hermann H'ring. London: SCM Press.\n> \n> Gould, Anthony. 1998. \"Political Networks and the Local/National Boundary in the Whiskey Rebellion.\" In Hanagan, Moch, and te Brake (eds.), _Challenging Authority._ Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.\n> \n> McAdam, Doug. 1982. _Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930- 1970._ Chicago: University of Chicago Press.\n> \n> McCarthy, John D., and Zald, Meyer. 1973. _The Trend of Social Movements in America._ Morristown: General Learning Press.\n> \n> Meyer-Wilmes, Hedwig. 1999. \"The Diversity of Ministries in a Postmodern Church.\" Pp. 69-88 in _The Non-Ordination of Women and the Politics of Power_, edited by Elisabeth Sch'ssler Fiorenza and Hermann H'ring. London: SCM Press.\n> \n> National Coalition of American Nuns National Coalition of American Nuns. 1995. \"This Teaching Cannot Be Infallible.\" Adopted by the NCAN Board, December 8, 1995.\n> \n> Raming, Ida. 1976. _The Exclusion of Women from the Priesthood: Divine Law or Sex Discrimination?_ Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press.\n> \n> Snow, David A., Rochford, Burke E., Worden, Steven and Robert Benford. 1986. \"Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization, and Movement Participation.\" _American Sociological Review_ 51.3:463-481.\n> \n> Swartz, David. 1997. _Culture and Power: The Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu._ Chicago: University of Chicago Press.\n> \n> Sweeny, Terrance. 1992. _A Church Divided: The Vatican versus the American Catholics._ Buffalo, N.Y.: Prometheus Books.\n> \n> Swidler, Ann. 1986. \"Culture and Action: Symbols and Strategies.\" _American Sociological Review_ 51.3: 273-286.\n> \n> Tarrow, Sidney. 1994. _Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action and Politics._ Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\n> \n> Tilly, Charles. 1978. _From Mobilization to Revolution._ New York: Random House.\n> \n> Tilly, Charles. 1988. \"Social Movements, Old and New.\" In L. Reisberg (ed.), _Research in Social Movements, Conflict and Change_, vol.10. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press.\n> \n> Wallis, W. D. 1943. _Messiahs, Their Role in Civilization._ Washington, D.C.: American Council on Public Affairs.\n\n  \n\n> Lora Stone is currently a doctoral student and an instructor in the Department of Sociology at the University of New Mexico. Her research interests include culture, religion, social movements, and theology.\n\n  \n\n> \n\n  *\n\n ' 2001 Lora Stone. All rights reserved.  \nUpdated 07/28/21.   \nhttp://jcrt.org/archives/03.1/stone/\n\n---",
  "title": "‘Misrecognition of the Limits’: Bourdieu’s Religious Capital and Social Transformation"
}