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  "path": "/2026/04/how-kazakh-khanate-estimated-population-before-modern-statistics/",
  "publishedAt": "2026-04-25T05:30:21.000Z",
  "site": "https://astanatimes.com",
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    "How Kazakh Khanate Estimated Population Before Modern Statistics",
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  "textContent": "The Astana Times provides news and information from Kazakhstan and around the world.\n\nASTANA – Although nomadic society lacked formal statistical systems, Kazakhs developed their own methods to estimate population size. Instead of precise figures, they relied on social and administrative units such as ulus (state), ru (clan) and shanyrak (household), forming a system adapted to the realities of steppe life. According to Berikbai Karibayev, the Doctor of…\n\nThe post How Kazakh Khanate Estimated Population Before Modern Statistics appeared first on The Astana Times.",
  "title": "How Kazakh Khanate Estimated Population Before Modern Statistics"
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